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과 업 지 시 서

도시통합관제센터(IOCC) 국내외 개발사례조사

2014. 12

국 토 연 구 원

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR JOINT RESEARCH

Agreement between

INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK and

Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements

Economic Benefit Analysis of the Integrated Operation and Control Center (IOCC)

Background and justification

Today, 54 per cent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66 per cent by 2050. Projections show that urbanization, combined with the overall growth of population, could add another 2.5 billion people to urban populations by 2050. In particular, with 82% of its population living in cities (2012), Latin America and the Caribbean is the most urbanized region on the planet. By 2050 this percentage is projected to increase to 90%.

This situation generates serious challenges for city officials that need to use their limited resources to provide the best services to its citizens and to create a competitive environment for firms. It means to face a wide array of challenges, related to different aspects of urban living: security, mobility, vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters management, emergency response, energy efficiency, water distribution, etc.

Therefore, in order to efficiently manage these urban challenges, cities around the world have leveraged Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to innovate and transform themselves into Smart Cities, ensuring to meet the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social and environmental aspects.

Specifically, Smart Cities use communication networks, highly distributed sensor technology, and intelligent management systems, integrating and analyzing massive amounts of data to manage public issues. Moreover, Smart Cities connect citizens to local government in order to provide better services through a participative approach.

In order to do so, it is necessary that smart cities develop Integrated Operating Control Centers (IOCCs), technology platforms which integrate various city offices to work collaboratively from a single physical location. The IOCC receives data from numerous connected sensors and devices displaced within the municipality and analyzes them in real time, allowing effective and collaborative decision making.

In this perspective, several cities in the world - such as Anyang and Songdo in South Korea, Madrid, Chicago, and Singapore - have decided to design and implement IOCCs. Anecdotal evidence on the implementation of these IOCCs seems to indicate important benefits in terms of citizen well-being and city management effectiveness. For example, Madrid is reported to have decreased the emergency response time by 25%; in Singapore the traffic volume has been reduced by 13%, and the average speed of cars during peak hours has increased by 20%. As regards public safety, in Chicago the crime rate fell by 27.4%. In Latin America Rio de Janeiro is the forerunner with a particular focus on disaster prevention, but several other cities are following the example and starting to use ICTs to deal with urban management issues.

However, the actual dimension of this phenomenon in the region is unknown and it is missing a comprehensive analysis on the different areas of urban management where Latin American cities have focused. Moreover, while there is large amount of anecdotal evidence related to the results of the IOCC implantation in these cities, a complete assessment of their effectiveness is still missing.

Consultancy Objectives

This study aims at identifying and analyzing case studies of different successful smart cities in the world. The description of the cases will include several aspects of the functioning of the Smart City, such as: public services supplied, technological platform inventory (with a particular attention to the IOCC requisites), system for data collection, processing (business applications) and dissemination, monitoring and evaluation system, cost structure (initial investment, maintenance, operation), results derived by the implementation of smart city initiatives. The research will require an in-depth description of the selected cases, an analysis of the type of data collected from the smart devices, based on desk analysis of literature and data and also on a comprehensive set of interviews to local actors involved directly and indirectly in the smart city programs. It includes the possibility to implement surveys to citizens in order to fully understand the city perception.

Activities

The Consultant is to implement the following activities for this study:

Activity 1  Define the data collection methodology (e.g. desk research, questionnaire design, identification of the stakeholders to interview …)

Activity 2: Carry out the data collection through preliminary desk research, and first-hand surveys and interviews in the case study cities, noting down stakeholders, contacts and sources of information

Data categories	Data to be collected from each city
City Characterization	Demographics: Population, GDP … Business environment: Economic structure, sectors, industries,… ICT access and use: Mobile phone penetration rate, internet speed, coverage, cost system ... Main challenges Data on Smart City related indicators: Transport: Number of traffic accidents, degree of traffic congestion, number of traffic violation, public transportation usage, perception of mobility, perception of transportation convenience … Crime prevention: Crime rate, crime response time, number of on-site arrestment, perception of safety towards crime … Disaster Prevention: Disaster response time, loss of life and property, perception of safety towards natural disasters …
Smart City Experience	Contextualization of Smart City: The city’s own definition of Smart City Main objectives the city wants to achieve: efficiency, innovation, transparency, quality of life, public cost reduction, sustainability, competitiveness …) City government's smart city implementation plan Type of smart services offered to citizens and firms Main focus areas for Smart City (e.g. security, urban mobility, energy efficiency, environment, government and citizenship, competitiveness …) - Urban Mobility: traffic, transportation, parking, electric vehicles … - Safety and Security: citizen security … - Emergency response: civil defense, integrated responses … - Environment: solid waste, water and sanitation, pollution, noise … - Energy efficiency: smart grids, public illumination (LEDs), smart building … - Citizen participation: citizen portals, e-government, social network, citizen participation, open data … - Health: telemedicine, emergency response … Evolution of interventions over time: number and location of cameras and sensors …) Potential new areas of intervention and future development
Integrated Operating Control Center (IOCC) at work	Objectives, year it was created Facility: buildings, rooms, square meters Entities: participating government and concessions Organization structure, personal (quantity and roles), work shift, Services / Functions managed by the Center: e.g. Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System, Advanced Traveler Information System, Automatic Enforcement System, Bus Information System, Incident Management System, Crime Prevention System, Disaster Prevention System ... Cost structure: (CAPEX, OPEX) Type of integration of functions Processes and protocols: How is the communication between different teams? System, Voice, … ICT infrastructure (high level): - Hardware: servers, telephony, video walls - Systems, data bases - Communication infrastructure Data capture - How data is captured from sensors, cameras … - Frequency - Format - Storage raw data (Big data) Processing data - Systems that collect data - Process and organization of data to make them useful for decision making - interoperability - GIS – main layers - Formats - Fields of interest (taxomony) - Sample of data (to be confirmed) Data delivery Output Channels for dissemination Internal: Display in the Center, monitors in each seat External to citizens, government, mayor: Variable message signs, radio, TV, social media, knowledge generation, analytics, tools are decision making, prediction and prevention
Monitoring and evaluation	How is it evaluated the performance of the smart city/IOCC? What indicators are used, in terms of efficiency, time saving,… Expectation from 3 groups: - Government: efficiency (information), competitiveness, cost savings, quality of life, local economy development, … - Citizens: Quality of life, savings, transparency, useful information (traffic, environment, …) etc. and accessible (mobile apps, call centers, web), cost savings (water, energy, ) … - Private sector: new business opportunities, cost savings, e-commerce … Anecdotal results.

Activity 3: Based on the collected data, prepare in-depth description on each of the selected cases in the format of a case study report, with brief analysis on the IOCC’s performance in each city.

Deliverables

In addition to the abovementioned activities, the Consultant will also develop and deliver the following products:

In the beginning of the consultancy

The Consultant will have a meeting with KRIHS to review the scope of the consultancy and detail the project’s requirements. Together, they will deliver a document containing the work plan, the scope of work, methodology, chronogram, requirements and other relevant information.

Final presentation / report:

c.	KRIHS and the Consultant will produce the following as the final output: Final Presentation and Final Report of IOCC case studies on Smart City along with comparative analysis. All documents and reports are to be delivered in English in MS word format.

Qualifications

The selected firm must have one or more experience in the provision of consulting service related to Integrated Operation and Control Center (IOCC). Additionally, the firm must retain extensive experience in the ICT application sector and telecommunication network.

Consultancy Characteristics

Research Duration: 8 months from the contract date.

Places of work: in the place of residency of the consultants.